Policy Debate

Ready
0:00
AFF Prep 8:00
NEG Prep 8:00
What is flowing? Flowing is how judges take notes during a debate round — tap to learn more

Flowing is the note-taking method used in debate. Each speech gets its own column, and you write arguments vertically down the page. When a debater responds to an argument, you write the response in the next column across from the original argument — so you can see the back-and-forth.

Policy/CX Speech Structure (NSDA):

Speech Time Who Speaks
1st Aff Constructive (1AC)8 min1st Affirmative (1A)
Cross-Ex of 1A (CX₁)3 min2N questions 1A
1st Neg Constructive (1NC)8 min1st Negative (1N)
Cross-Ex of 1N (CX₂)3 min1A questions 1N
2nd Aff Constructive (2AC)8 min2nd Affirmative (2A)
Cross-Ex of 2A (CX₃)3 min1N questions 2A
2nd Neg Constructive (2NC)8 min2nd Negative (2N)
Cross-Ex of 2N (CX₄)3 min2A questions 2N
1st Neg Rebuttal (1NR)5 min1st Negative (1N)
1st Aff Rebuttal (1AR)5 min1st Affirmative (1A)
2nd Neg Rebuttal (2NR)5 min2nd Negative (2N)
2nd Aff Rebuttal (2AR)5 min2nd Affirmative (2A)

Key concepts:

Constructives (8 min each) are where teams present arguments and evidence. The 1AC presents the affirmative plan; the 1NC introduces negative positions (DAs, counterplans, topicality, kritiks); the 2AC and 2NC extend and clash.

Cross-examination (3 min each) follows each constructive — the opposing team questions the speaker who just spoke.

• The "neg block" (2NC + 1NR = 13 minutes back-to-back for neg) is a key strategic moment. The neg gets to speak twice in a row before the aff can respond.

Rebuttals (5 min each) are for extending and crystallizing arguments — no new arguments allowed.

• The 1AR (5 min) must answer the entire 13-minute neg block — it is widely considered the hardest speech in debate.

Tips for this tool:

• The 8 columns below are the 8 speeches in Policy. CX periods appear as collapsible notes below the grid. Type notes in the active (highlighted) column as that speech happens.

• Use abbreviations freely — "DA" for disadvantage, "CP" for counterplan, "T" for topicality, "K" for kritik, etc. Only you need to read these.

• Don't try to write everything. Policy speeches are fast — listen for the argument tags (the thesis of each argument) and jot those down with a few keywords for the warrants.

• If one side doesn't answer an argument, leave a gap — that's called a "drop" and it usually counts against them.

• Use Ctrl+→ to advance to the next speech, or tap the speech pills above.

Spacebar starts/stops the timer (when you're not typing in a flow area).

Teams

1A
2A
1N
2N

Winner

Affirmative
Negative

Speaker Points

1A 1st Affirmative 25–30
2A 2nd Affirmative 25–30
1N 1st Negative 25–30
2N 2nd Negative 25–30
Speaker Points Guide

Speaker points reflect how well each debater spoke, separate from who won. Average is roughly 28.5–29.2. Score each debater individually.

In debate, it's common practice to not score below 26 — even a struggling debater showed up, prepared, and competed, which deserves a baseline of respect. Scores below 26 are reserved for conduct issues and require notifying the tournament.

29.5 – 30Exceptional — hard to imagine a better speaker
29.1 – 29.4Consistently excellent throughout
28.8 – 29.0Effective and strategic, only minor mistakes
28.3 – 28.7Hit the right notes but could improve in depth or efficiency
27.8 – 28.2Mostly on track but left something to be desired
27.3 – 27.7Missed major arguments, hard to follow
27.0 – 27.2Accomplished little in the debate
26.0 – 26.9Struggled significantly to finish the round
Below 26Reserved for offensive, rude, or dishonest conduct — must notify tab

Reason for Decision (RFD)

Judge Assistance

Speech-by-speech coaching tips
"What is flowing?" guide on flow page

Prep Time

Minutes per side

Speech Times

Theme

Appearance

Data